Cailean Bochanan
1877 The Malthusian League was a British organisation which advocated the practice of contraception and the education of the public about the importance of family planning. It was established in 1877 and was dissolved in 1927. The organisation was secular, utilitarian, individualistic, and “above all malthusian.” [1] The organisation maintained that it was concerned about the poverty of the British working class and held that over-population was the chief cause of poverty.
1901 H.G.Wells :Anticipations: Of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human life and Thought:”And the method that nature has followed hitherto in the shaping of the world,whereby weakness was prevented from propagating weakness, and cowardice andfeebleness were saved from the accomplishment of their desires, the method that hasonly one alternative, the method that must in some cases still be called in to the helpof men, is death. In the new vision death is no inexplicable horror, no pointlessterminal terror to the miseries of life, it is the end of all the pain of life, the end of the bitterness of failure, the merciful obliteration of weak and silly and pointless things”
1914 H.G.Wells, The World Set Free
1923?:Leon Trotsky: “Even the purely physiologic life will become subject to collective experiments. The human species, the coagulated Homo Sapiens, will once more enter into a state of radical transformation, and, in our own hands, will become the object of the most complicated methods of artificial selection and psycho-physical training.”
1926: RF funds International Bureau of Education Geneva. Einstein on board Jean Piaget Richard Kohler
1927 Margaret Sanger organises World Population Conference under auspices of League of Nations. It agrees to establish the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
1929 H.G>Wells: The Open Conspiracy:”Nevertheless, the Soviet government has maintained itself for more than twelve years, and it seems far more likely to evolve than to persist. It is quite possible that it will evolve towards the conceptions of the Open Conspiracy, and in that case Russia may witness once again a conflict between new ideas and Old Believers. So far the Communist party in Moscow has maintained a considerable propaganda of ideas in the rest of the world and especially across its western frontier. Many of these ideas are now trite and stale. The time may be not far distant when the tide of propaganda will flow in the reverse direction. It has pleased the vanity of the Communist party to imagine itself conducting a propaganda of world revolution. Its fate may be to develop upon lines that will make its more intelligent elements easily assimilable to the Open Conspiracy for a world revolution. The Open Conspiracy as it spreads and grows may find a less encumbered field for trying out the economic developments implicit in its conceptions in Russia and Siberia than anywhere else in the world.”
“Fundamentally important issues upon which unanimity must be achieved from the outset are:
Firstly, the entirely provisional nature of all existing governments, and the entirely provisional nature, therefore, of all loyalties associated therewith;
Secondly, the supreme importance of population control in human biology and the possibility it affords us of a release from the pressure of the struggle for existence on ourselves; and
Thirdly, the urgent necessity of protective resistance against the present traditional drift towards war.”
1930 Szilard met future wife Gertrud (Trude) Weiss. Attempted to organize an international movement of progressive intellectuals inspired in part by H.G. Wells’ Open Conspiracy. Taught theoretical physics seminar with Erwin Schrödinger and John von Neumann. Taught seminar on nuclear physics and chemistry with Lise Meitner. Szilard
1930 The Rockefeller Foundation provided financial support to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics,[37] which later inspired and conducted eugenics experiments in the Third Reich.
The Rockefeller Foundation funded Nazi racial studies even after it was clear that this research was being used to rationalize the demonizing of Jews and other groups. Up until 1939 the Rockefeller Foundation was funding research used to support Nazi racial science studies at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
1931 Huxley founds PEP:”He saw biology as a means to solve social welfare problems. He consequently built bridges between eugenics and the social sciences by working on behalf of Political and Economic Planning (PEP), of which he was a founder member in 1931. Huxley’s advocacy of social planning and state centralism clashed with an older style of eugenic imperialist. Huxley was similarly supportive of Mass Observation. The historical consensus is of Huxley as a moderniser and reformer, seeking to establish eugenics as part of an agenda of social planning and to shape the emergent welfare state on biological lines.”
“Of the many groups associated with the planning movement, the most important was Political and Economic Planning (PEP), which was formed in 1931 in response to an article published in The Week-End Review by the ornithologist and proto-environmentalist Max Nicholson, who later served as Herbert Morrison’s most senior civil servant in the post-war Labour administration.xxxiii Among PEP’s founding members was Julian Huxley, who was invited to bring a biologist’s perspective to the problems of social and economic planning. This move made clear that biology was seen as relevant to planning, not to mention progressive politics more generally. Yet members of the PEP, like the members of the department of social biology, were adamant that much more work needed to be done on the relationship between biological and social science ideas before the political classes would be able to harvest useful knowledge from it. This cautionary approach did not extinguish everyone’s hopes, though. On contrary, for some influential figures it promised not only political progress but also to regenerate the eugenics movement.”
1936 Charles Galton Darwin resigned his post in Edinburgh (being replaced by Max Born) to became Master of Christ’s College, beginning his career as an active and able administrator, becoming director of the National Physical Laboratory on the approach of war in 1938. He served in the role into the post-war period, unafraid to seek improved laboratory performance through re-organisation, but spending much of the war years working on the Manhattan Project co-ordinating the American, British, and Canadian efforts.
After the death of his first wife, Leonard Huxley married Rosalind Bruce (1890–1994), and had two further sons. The elder of these was David Bruce Huxley (1915-1992), whose daughter Angela Huxley married George Pember Darwin, son of the physicist Sir Charles Galton Darwin (and thus a great-grandson of Charles Darwin married a great-granddaughter of Thomas Huxley). The younger son (1917-2012) was the Nobel Prize winner, physiologist Andrew Fielding Huxley.
1936 Julian Huxley:“Eugenics is capable of becoming the most sacred ideal of the human race, as a race; one of the supreme religious duties….eugenics will inevitably become part of the religion of the future” 1936
1936:In his 1936 letter to Stalin, Muller proposed a eugenic program. Evidently after receiving the letter, Stalin had Muller’s book Out of the Night translated into Russian. A great believer in environmental egalitarianism, he began reading the work in 1937 and ordered that an attack be prepared on it and indeed on all of genetics, in favor of Trofim Lysenko’s totally environmentalist neo-Lamarckian school of thought.
1936 Huxley criticises the “encouragement of high fecundity in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany”
“Thus no really rapid eugenic progress would come of encouraging the reproduction of one class or race against another:striking and rapid eugenic results can be achieved only by a virtual elimination of the few lowest and truly degenerate types and a high multiplication-rate of the few highest and truly gifted types.”
“For instance,up to the present,the theoretical foundations of Communism have prevented the Russians,in spite of their great achievements in pure genetics,from paying proper attention to eugenics.” Ibid.
“and there will be many to uphold the value of the eugenic measures recently adopted in Germany under the stimulus of National-Socialist ideas and emotions,even if some of them be crude and unscientific. But if in the long run it leads to over- population and war,it is essentially dysgenic, and inmatters of evolution we must,I think,take the longview.” Ibid.
1938:Leon Trotsky:”While the romantic numskulls of Nazi Germany are dreaming of restoring the old race of Europe’s Dark Forest to its original purity, or rather its original filth, you Americans, after taking a firm grip on your economic machinery and your culture, will apply genuine scientific methods to the problem of eugenics. Within a century, out of your melting pot of races there will come a new breed of men – the first worthy of the name of Man.”
December, 1938:Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to Naturwissenschaften reporting that they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons. Here too Jewish and anti-Nazi connections abound: Hahn was a vocal opponent of Nazism (praised by Einstein as “”one of the very few who stood upright and did the best he could in these years of evil”) and Strassman hid Jews during the war.
Read more: https://forward.com/scrib
1938:”The desire of some population researchers to transform findings such as these into policy proposals was strong, but most agreed with Carr-Saunders that impartiality and objectivity were central to the project he had described to the Eugenics Society in 1935. It was for this reason the Population Policies Committee (PPC) was formed by PEP and PIC as a joint enterprise in 1938. The PPC counted Blacker, Glass, and PEP’s Max Nicholson among its members and was administrated by its secretary, François Lafitte, who would make his name by exposing the British government’s internment of political refugees during the early stages of the Second World War and would later be appointed to a chair of social policy at the University of Birmingham and serve as chairman of the British Pregnancy Advisory Service.l The committee’s aims were ‘(1) to survey the social and economic conditions which discourage the adequate replacement of eugenically sound stocks; and (2) to examine and report on proposals for raising the fertility of healthy stocks in different occupational groups’.li Whilst this framework revealed the ostensibly neutral population research project’s underlying motivations and concerns, it also provided an outlet for discussions that could not be hosted by the PIC, particularly the more radical arguments in favour of greater state involvement in education and health that some commentators drew from Carr-Saunders’ and Huxley’s focus on the social environment.”
1938-39 “Within the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) the use of the atomic bomb was also cause for debate, in part, because the Foundation played a role in its creation. Indeed, distinguished physicist Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence would go so far as to tell RF President Raymond Fosdick “that if it hadn’t been for the RF, there would have been no atomic bomb.” [2] Although he meant it as a statement of gratitude for RF support, the idea that they shared some responsibility for the bomb’s creation was deeply unsettling to many within the Foundation.
Between 1938 and 1939, the Rockefeller Foundation made $80,000 in grants to the University of California to build and operate a large cyclotron under Lawrence’s direction. The 60-inch cyclotron, completed in 1939, was the largest in the world. In 1940, the RF followed up with subsequent $1,150,000 grant to build an even larger, 184-inch cyclotron.”
1939:In August 1939, Stopes sent a copy of her book Love Songs for Young Lovers to Adolf Hitler with the following cover letter:
“Dear Herr Hitler,
Love is the greatest thing in the world: so will you accept from me these [poems] that you may allow the young people of your nation to have them? The young must learn love from the particular ’till they are wise enough for the universal. I hope too that you yourself may find something to enjoy in the book.[77] She wanted her poems to be distributed through the German birth control clinics, but the letter has been interpreted as showing sympathy for Hitler. However, according to Rose, any sympathy she may have had would have dissipated when Hitler closed the clinics,”
1942: In 1942 Glenn T. Seaborg invited Brown to work with him at the University of Chicago in the Manhattan Project’s Metallurgical Laboratory, working on ways to separate plutonium from uranium.[1] T
Leslie Groves admitted, “There was never from about two weeks from the time I took charge of this Project any illusion on my part but that Russia was our enemy and the Project was conducted on that basis.”
2015 report :”These findings help bolster the argument that Germany was not on the verge of having a working reactor during World War II. “The report corroborates the observations of the Alsos Mission’s team and long-held assumptions by Manhattan Project historians about the fledgling efforts made to develop an atomic bomb under Nazi Germany,” says Cynthia C. Kelly, president of the Atomic Heritage Foundation, in Washington, D.C.”
An even greater concern, however, was the Soviets. Though Japan and Germany were the nominal wartime enemies, and the Soviet Union the ally, loyalty concerns did not
266Wittner, One World or None, 10-11 267Ibid.
268In Sherwin, A World Destroyed, 18 269Ibid., 30
Political Science 81 reflect this. Precisely because the émigré and native scientists viewed the enemies with
such disgust, the military and political leadership took no precautions against any betrayal in an Axis direction. The Soviets thus became the primary threat. Leslie Groves admitted, “There was never from about two weeks from the time I took charge of this Project any illusion on my part but that Russia was our enemy and the Project was conducted on that basis.”270 Consequently, Project administrators took all possible offenses seriously, prosecuting them quickly and firmly and with care not to start a commotion. During the war the Manhattan Project’s division of the Army Counter-Intelligence Corps handled approximately one hundred cases of “probable” wartime espionage.271 For example, shortly after Met Lab physicist Clarence Hiskey was observed interacting with suspected Soviet spy Arthur Adams, Hiskey was drafted and sent to a military base in Mineral Wells, Alaska on the border of the Arctic Circle.272 Likewise, “another scientist was forced to resign from the Project after attending a small party given by the soviet vice-consul in a San Francisco restaurant for the Russian-born violinist Isaac Stern.”273 As the war progressed and it became clear that the Allies would win, penalties for disloyalty, especially with regard to the Soviet Union, were taken more seriously. By 1946, Congress had passed a bill that permitted the death penalty for those who revealed atomic secrets.2
Seaborg Appointed by President Truman to the Atomic Energy Commission’s General Advisory Committee
In August 1945, the first widely distributed account of nuclear energy, the pocketbook The Atomic Age, was released. It discussed the peaceful future uses of nuclear energy and depicted a future where fossil fuels would go unused. Nobel laureate Glenn Seaborg, who later chaired the United States Atomic Energy Commission, is quoted as saying “there will be nuclear powered earth-to-moon shuttles, nuclear powered artificial hearts, plutonium heated swimming pools for SCUBA divers, and much more”.[23]
18th August, 1945: Bertrand Russell, The Atomic Bomb:In view of the reluctance of mankind to form voluntarily an effective international authority, we must hope, and perhaps we may expect, that after the next world war some one Power will emerge with such preponderant strength as to be able to establish a peaceful hegemony over the rest of the globe. The next war, unless it comes very soon, will endanger all civilized government; but if any civilized government survives and achieves supremacy, there will again be a possibility of ordered progress and of the utilization of science for happiness rather than for destruction.
October 1945: At that meeting, Truman and Oppenheimer also differed over the urgency of achieving international control of atomic weapons. Recognizing that Byrnes and others planned to use the bomb to bully the Soviet Union, Oppenheimer feared the worst.
For Byrnes the decision to use the bomb on Japan had political implications beyond ending the war. Byrnes believed in “atomic diplomacy,” whereby the US could leverage the bomb in post-war negotiations and make Russia “more manageable.”
For Byrnes, the decision to use the bomb not only promised to end the war sooner but also in his words “might put us in a position to dictate our own terms at the end of the war.”
In 1946 the U.S. President Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) founded the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), which in the 1950s became leading organisations in the financing of studies of carbon dioxide impact on climate. The climate agenda was originally a military project and was developed by interaction with institutions closely related to the Rockefeller family. The threat of nuclear war and climate change were intermingled. The former was considered to give rise to the latter, resulting in thorough studies on the effects of nuclear weapons on the climate.
1946 As part of his research into weather forecasting, von Neumann founded the “Meteorological Program” in Princeton in 1946, securing funding for his project from the US Navy.[
1946: Julian Huxley first directory-general of UNESCO: writes believe that these differences{communism capitalism}, though they will undoubtedly become irreconcilable without armed conflict if they are permitted to express themselves as dogmas, to embody themselves in rigid social systems, and to become translated into terms of politics and power, can in principle be reconciled. They can be recon- ciled along the lines of some such evolutionary humanism as I have sketched in my opening sections, in which, though the full development of the individual is recognised as the central aim and criterion of further evolutionary progress, the proper organisation of society is recognised as the indispensable mechan- ism of that progress. Huxley UNESCO ITS PURPOSE
AND ITS PHILOSOPHY
bY JULIAN HUXLEY
1946 Commission on Population and Development at UN
July 1st 1946: US first post-war nuclear test: The Soviets rejected the Baruch Plan, since it would have left the United States with a decisive nuclear superiority until the details of the Plan could be worked out and would have stopped the Soviet nuclear program. They responded by calling for universal nuclear disarmament. In the end, the UN adopted neither proposal. Seventeen days after Baruch presented his plan to the United Nations on July 1, 1946, the United States conducted the world’s first postwar nuclear test.
The Age of the Common Man : the Voice of the People : majority rule: the importance of a large population :- ideas and slogans such as these form the background of much of our thinking, and tend, unless we are careful, towards the promotion of mediocrity, even if mediocrity in abundance, and at the same time, towards the discouragement of high and unusual quality. (Sir Julian)
qual with the sane before the law or in respect of most freedoms. However, the full implications of the fact of human inequality have not often been drawn and certainly need to be brought out here, as they are very relevant to Unesco’s task.
1947 Szilard turns to study of genetics funded by RF. He later worked on developing birth control:”One of the most important problems of our times is to find a method of birth control for underdeveloped coun- tries. In a country where arable land is short and the birthrate high, no amount of economic aid will raise the standard of living.”
Google books: Avoid boring people
1948:In 1948 Stalin outlawed genetics as «bourgeois science» and «alien to the principles of socialism».”
1948: Malthusian Fairfied Osborn founds The Conservation Foundation, a precursor to WWF, as an affiliate of the New York Zoological Society (today known as the Wildlife Conservation Society) with an aim of protecting the world’s natural resources.
5 October 1948, IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature) was established on initiative of Sir Julian Huxley
Huxley, then, sought to establish a biologically based social philosophy. Part of this agenda was population policies – Huxley tried to get population problems onto the agendas of the United Nations as well as onto those of its specialised agencies, not least UNESCO, FAO, WHO as well as supporting the UN Population Commission. He took up population questions while still director general of UNESCO in 1948. He was aligned with the Rockefeller Foundation, being on good terms with the physical sciences programme officer, Warren Weaver. On the population front, there were dividends for the population lobby. The Population Council managed to intrude birth control into the United Nations agenda, and population control came to be regarded as a legitimate part of the politics of international assistance.53 Huxley endorsed the strategy of world population control.
29th August, 1949: 1949 soviet bomb detonated
After the Soviet atomic bomb success, the idea of building a hydrogen bomb received new impetus in the United States. In this type of bomb, deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes) are fused into helium, thereby releasing energy. There is no limit on the yield of this weapon.
The scientific community split over the issue of building a hydrogen bomb. Edward Teller, who had explored the idea of a ‘super’ during the Manhattan Project, supported its development.
1949 Harrison Brown recommends Edward Goldberg to work with Roger Revelle He (Edward Goldberg)worked as a postgraduate at the University of Chicago under Harrison Brown, whom he considered his mentor, and Brown influenced him to work on geochemistry and meteoritics. In fact, Goldberg proudly called himself Harrison Brown’s first graduate student. Goldberg found Brown interested not simply in science, but in the problems of mankind – survival, food supply, population, and disease. Years later, Goldberg followed his mentor’s lead by involving himself both in science and the environment. In 1949 Brown recommended Goldberg to Roger Revelle, oceanographer and Scripps director, who sought a geochemist for Scripps Oceanography who would contribute to environmental studies of seawater using trace elements, studies of ocean sediments, studies of ocean pollution, and questions related to the carbon cycle.
Goldberg:The combustion of the fossil fuels coal, oil, and lignite potentially can mobilize many elements into the atmosphere at rates, in general, less than but comparable to their rates of flow through natural waters during the weathering cycle. Since the principal sites of fossil fuel combustion are in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, changes in the composition of natural waters and air, as a consequence of this activity, will be most evident at these latitudes.
As revealed in an 1958 interview Bertrand Russel recommended after the war presumptive nuclear strikes against the Soviet Union:
Q. Is it true or untrue that in recent years you advocated that a preventive war might be made against communism, against Soviet Russia?”
RUSSELL: It’s entirely true, and I don’t repent of it now. It was not inconsistent with what I think now…. There was a time, just after the last war, when the Americans had a monopoly of nuclear weapons and offered to internationalize nuclear weapons by the Baruch proposal, and I thought this an extremely generous proposal on their part, one which it would be very desirable that the world should accept; not that I advocated a nuclear war, but I did think that great pressure should be put upon Russia to accept the Baruch proposal, and I did think that if they continued to refuse it it might be necessary actually to go to war. At that time nuclear weapons existed only on one side, and therefore the odds were the Russians would have given way. I thought they would … .
Q. Suppose they hadn’t given way.
RUSSELL: I thought and hoped that the Russians would give way, but of course you can’t threaten unless you’re prepared to have your bluff called.26 BBC interview in 1959 Quoted in Bertrand Russell, The Future of Science, and Self-Portrait of the Author (New York: Philosophical Library, 1959
1951: Bertrand Russell writes The impact of Science Upon Society:”But bad times, you may say, are exceptional, and can be dealt with by exceptional methods. This has been more or less true during the honeymoon period of industrialism, but it will not remain true unless the increase of population can be enormously diminished. At present the population of the world is increasing at about 58,000 per diem. War, so far, has had no very great effect on this increase, which continued through each of the world wars. … War … has hitherto been disappointing in this respect … but perhaps bacteriological war may prove more effective. If a Black Death could spread throughout the world once in every generation, survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full. … The state of affairs might be somewhat unpleasant, but what of it? Really high-minded people are indifferent to happiness, especially other people’s.2 1951 The Impact of Science on Society see google books
1951 Bertand Russell, The Future of Man:The third possibility, that of the establishment of a single government for the whole world, might be realized in various ways: by the victory of the United States in the next world war, or by the victory of the U.S.S.R., or, theoretically, by agreement. Or—and I think this is the most hopeful of the issues that are in any degree probable—by an alliance of the nations that desire an international government, becoming, in the end, so strong that Russia would no longer dare to stand out. This might conceivably be achieved without another world war, but it would require courageous and imaginative statesmanship in a number of countries.
1951 JD Rockefeller establishes Population Council Frederick Osborn vice-president
Electricity was generated for the first time by a nuclear reactor on December 20, 1951, at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho, which initially produced about 100 kW
November 1, 1952: the United States detonated a 10.4-megaton hydrogen device in the Pacific on the Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The test, code-named “Mike,” was the first successful implementation of Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam’s concept
March, 1953: Stalin’s death in March 1953 marked a new development in East-West relations and in a few years the Cold War appeared to give way to what has been called the ‘early détente’.1 In this connection Britain, in particular the Tory leader Winston Churchill, who had come back to power in October 1951, played a leading role in promoting a dialogue between the West and the Kremlin’s new leaders. The role Churchill played in trying to overcome the worst aspects of the Cold War, his speech at the House of Commons in May 1953, his attempts at convening a summit conference, the difficulties he had to cope with as a consequence of the American authorities’ suspicions, and also of the doubts nurtured by Anthony Eden and the Foreign Office, and by several members of the Tory cabinet, are well known; scholars’ attention has already focused on these issues.2 Nonetheless if these episodes are examined in a broader perspective, they seem to offer some food for thought, in particular they may throw some light on the changes in Britain’s policy towards Moscow between late 1952 and mid-1953, on early contrasting reactions to Stalin’s death, as well as on the reasons which led Churchill in May 1953 to openly launch his project for renewed dialogue with the Soviet Union.
In 1953, American President Dwight Eisenhower gave his “Atoms for Peace” speech at the United Nations, emphasizing the need to develop “peaceful” uses of nuclear power quickly.
12th August, 1953
A little less than a year after the United States tested its first thermonuclear device with the Mike Shot on November 1, 1952, the Soviets tested their own thermonuclear bomb. On August 8, 1953, Soviet Premier Georgy Malenkov announced that the United States no longer had a monopoly on the hydrogen bomb. Four days later, on August 12, 1953, the RDS-6s test, the first test of a Soviet thermonuclear device, took place.
1953:James Watson’s and Francis Crick’s discovery of the double helix
1953: Charles Galton Darwin, The next Million Years:“At every turn the argument turns back to this question of the master breed. Nothing can be done in the way of changing man from a wild into a tame animal without first creating such a breed” Charles Galton Darwin 1953
“Present methods of warfare would not be murderous enough to reduce populations seriously” Ibid.
So human progenies, if unrestrain’d,
By climate friended, and by food sustain’d,
O’er seas and soils, prolific hordes! would spread
Erelong, and deluge their terraqueous bed;
But war, and pestilence, disease, and dearth,
Sweep the superfluous myriads from the earth…
“At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate, and replace, the savage races throughout the world”. Chip off the old block, enduring preoccupation of post 16th century oligarchy- refer to Bacon dilution
1954:The challenge of Man’s Future, Harrison Brown:Finally, Brown is also somewhat pessimistic that his vision of the future will be realised due to
increasingly devastating wars and the rapid consumption of fossil fuels before alternative
energies are given the necessary time to be sufficiently developed; hence, he seems pessimistic
about the future of industrial civilisation, writing that, if industrial civilisation eventually “…
succumbs to the forces that are relentlessly operating to make its position more precarious, the
world as a whole will probably revert to an agrarian existence”
Here’s his idol Harrison Brown, from The Challenge of Man’s Future:
The feeble-minded, the morons, the dull and backward, and the lower-than-average persons in our society are outbreeding the superior ones at the present time. … Is there anything that can be done to prevent the long-range degeneration of human stock? Unfortunately, at the present time there is little, other than to prevent breeding in persons who present glaring deficiencies clearly dangerous to society and which are known to be of a hereditary nature. Thus we could sterilize or in other ways discourage the mating of the feeble-minded. We could go further and systematically attempt to prune from society, by prohibiting them from breeding, persons suffering from serious inheritable forms of physical defects, such as congenital deafness, dumbness, blindness, or absence of limbs. … A broad eugenics program would have to be formulated which would aid in the establishment of policies that would encourage able and healthy persons to have several offspring and discourage the unfit from breeding at excessive rates.
1954 World Population Conference UN Ryabushkin’s “superficially attractive idea that the population does not exist for the production but the production for the population”
Leo Szilard now working on birth control:Birth control is another area he(Szilard) has invaded. His interest, a continuing one, is both scientific and humane. I asked him how he happened to get into this field, and he replied, “One of the most important problems of our times is to find a method of birth control for underdeveloped coun- tries. In a country where arable land is short and the birthrate high, no amount of economic aid will raise the standard of living.”
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which allowed rapid declassification of U.S. reactor technology and encouraged development by the private sector.
On June 27, 1954, the USSR’s Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, based on what would become the prototype of the RBMK reactor design, became the world’s first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid, producing around 5 megawatts of electric power.
Man’s Peril 1954-55 B Russells commends Brown’s neo-malthusian book:https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nDi5jx0i7EoC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=harrison+brown+bertrand+russell&source=bl&ots=pM1FBcrfjU&sig=ZsHuv4W_ywMxvwGmlCfs5kvAtqg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNsve65K3cAhUSZ1AKHVRmBLUQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=harrison%20brown%20bertrand%20russell&f=false
Working with Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein in the 1950s, he(Brown) helped organize and direct the Pugwash Conferences, which were aimed at discussing the dangers of nuclear weapons and the need for regulation.
In 1953 (Gilbert)Plass told Time Magazine of his work on the effects of CO2 from industrial sources as a greenhouse gas, and the potential implications of an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for global warming.
August 12, 1953, the Soviet Union tested its first fusion-based device on a tower in central Siberia
Gilbert Plass was a Canadian physicist.
Plass was born in 1922 in Toronto. He received a B.S. in physics from Harvard University before being hired to work on the Manhattan Project at the Chicago Met Lab, where he worked as an associate physicist.
In 1953 Charles (Dave) David Keeling began a post doctoral position at Caltech, Pasadena, California under Professor Harrison Brown. His initial project was aimed at extracting uranium from granite rock with applications in the nuclear power industry. He never really started this project but with encouragement from Professor Brown became involved in another project investigating the equilibria between carbonate in surface waters, limestone and atmospheric CO2. This involved the construction of a precision gas manometer to measure CO2 extracted from the air as well as acidified samples of water.
1954 Albert Einstein letter: Albert Einstein, physicist (lived 1879 – 1955)
“Overpopulation in various countries has become a serious threat to the well-being of many people and a grave obstacle to any attempt to organize peace on this planet of ours.”
1954 Stockholm Conference The problem was highlighted at a conference in Stockholm in 1954. The conference’s goal was a practical one: to discuss how the atmosphere carried around gases that crops needed to grow, such as nitrogen and CO2. The participants agreed that there ought to be a network of stations to provide regular data on such gases. They thought priority should go to CO2, not least because it might alter the climate
November 22, 1955, the Soviet Union exploded its first true hydrogen bomb at the Semipalatinsk test site.
Soviet Union joins UNESCO The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) finally became a Member State in 1954, and the Russian Victor A. Kovda replaced Pierre Auger as Director of the Natural Sciences Department in January 1959. International scientific cooperation was revived by this détente. There was also a sense of peaceful competition, exemplified by Polar expeditions and the first International Geophysical Year (1957–1958).
1955 Harmon Craig was recruited to Scripps Institution of Oceanography by Roger Revelle
1955 Von Neumann(Manhattan Project) proposed a theory of global warming as a result of the activity of humans, noting that the Earth was only 6 °F (3.3 °C) colder during the last glacial period, he wrote in 1955: “Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by industry’s burning of coal and oil – more than half of it during the last generation – may have changed the atmosphere’s composition sufficiently to account for a general warming of the world by about one degree Fahrenheit.
Von Neumann’s research into weather systems and meteorological prediction led him to propose manipulating the environment by spreading colorants on the polar ice caps to enhance absorption of solar radiation (by reducing the albedo),[179][180] thereby inducing global warming.[
July 1956: Charles David Keeling joined the SIO staff to head the program, and began measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the Mauna Loa Observatory on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and in Antarctica. Charles David Keeling’s recording of carbon dioxide has become the world’s most famous record of human-caused emission of greenhouse gases.
Funding for Keeling came from atomic energy commission!(Behind the Curve:Science and the politics of global warming
November, 1957:Bertrand Russell, first President of CND
December, 1957: Teller was one of the first prominent people to raise the danger of climate change, driven by the burning of fossil fuels. At an address to the membership of the American Chemical Society in December 1957, Teller warned that the large amount of carbon-based fuel that had been burnt since the mid-19th century was increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which would “act in the same way as a greenhouse and will raise the temperature at the surface”, and that he had calculated that if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by 10% “an appreciable part of the polar ice might melt.”[83]
The first commercial nuclear station to become operational in the United States was the 60 MW Shippingport Reactor (Pennsylvania), in December 1957.
In 1957, Revelle co-authored a paper with Hans Suess (During World War II, he was part of a team of German scientists studying nuclear power and was advisor to the production of heavy water in a Norwegian plant (see Operation Gunnerside)).that suggested that the Earth’s oceans would absorb excess carbon dioxide generated by humanity at a much slower rate than previously predicted by geoscientists, thereby suggesting that human gas emissions might create a “greenhouse effect” that would cause global warming over time.Revelle, R., and H. Suess, “Carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the question of an increase of atmospheric CO2 during the past decades.” Tellus 9, 18-27 (1957).
1957 Revelle testifies to congress on rising CO2 and climate change(Behind the curve)
1959, at a symposium organised by the American Petroleum Institute and the Columbia Graduate School of Business for the centennial of the American oil industry, Edward Teller warned that:[84]
I am to talk to you about energy in the future. I will start by telling you why I believe that the energy resources of the past must be supplemented. […] And this, strangely, is the question of contaminating the atmosphere. […] Whenever you burn conventional fuel, you create carbon dioxide. […] Carbon dioxide has a strange property. It transmits visible light but it absorbs the infrared radiation which is emitted from the earth. Its presence in the atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect [….] It has been calculated that a temperature rise corresponding to a 10 per cent increase in carbon dioxide will be sufficient to melt the icecap and submerge New York. All the coastal cities would be covered, and since a considerable percentage of the human race lives in coastal regions, I think that this chemical contamination is more serious than most people tend to believe.
1961 Sir Julian Huxley’s internationalist and conservation interests also led him, with Victor Stolan, Sir Peter Scott, Max Nicholson and Guy Mountfort, to set up the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature under its former name of the World Wildlife Fund).
1963 Revelle left Scripps in 1963 and founded the (now defunct) Center for Population Studies at Harvard University
In 1946 he was officer in charge during Operation Crossroads of the geophysical measurements taken during the atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll
1963, the Conservation Foundation, a precursor to WWF, held a conference and published a major report warning of anthropogenic global warming, written by Noel Eichhorn based on the work of Frank Fraser Darling (then foundation vice president), Edward Deevey, Erik Eriksson, Charles Keeling, Gilbert Plass, Lionel Walford, and William Garnett.[11]
!963:1963, the establishment of a joint Russian- American Biological Research Institute in Vienna
5th November, 1965: First official US government report on global warming: Hardly more than a decade after Harrison Brown suggested the construction of CO2 factories, his colleague at the the California Institute of Technology – Charles Keeling – and Al Gore’s mentor, Roger Revelle, submitted the first official U.S. government report describing what would soon be called global warming and climate change. The report, “Restoring the Quality of Out Environment,” was submitted to President Lyndon B. Johnson in November 1965.
Fifty years ago today, as the American Association for the Advancement of Science highlighted, US president Lyndon Johnson’s science advisory committee sent him a report entitled Restoring the Quality of Our Environment. The introduction to the report noted:
Pollutants have altered on a global scale the carbon dioxide content of the air and the lead concentrations in ocean waters and human populations.
The report included a section on atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change, written by prominent climate scientists Roger Revelle, Wallace Broecker, Charles Keeling, Harmon Craig, and J Smagorisnky. Reviewing the document today, one can’t help but be struck by how well these scientists understood the mechanisms of Earth’s climate change 50 years ago.
1968 Population Bomb Paul Ehrlich nuclear arms ultimate”population controlling device”
1968 Dean Rusk joins RF to deal with population threat. Ford foundation funds ecology universities
1969, the head of the Atomic Energy Commission, Glenn Seaborg, made that exact point. During a speech extolling nuclear power, Seaborg said that those who opposed it “have just not considered the facts … nor weighed those facts in terms of realistic alternatives.” According to a New York Times article on the speech, Seaborg said that although there were technologies for mitigating pollution from fossil fuels, there were “no methods known of eliminating the carbon dioxide that results from combustion.”
1970:
Scientist Harrison Brown published a chart in Scientific American that year estimating that mankind would run out of copper shortly after 2000. Lead, zinc, tin, gold, and silver were to disappear before 1990.
26th March, 1971, Impact of Population Growth, Paul, R.Ehrlich and John P.Holdren
Early 70s In the early 1970s, he(Brown) began focusing more on the issues he had developed in his books, including working with a post-doctorate fellow, John P. Holdren, who later became President Barack Obama’s Science Advisor (2009-2017)
January, 1972 A Blueprint for Survival was an influential environmentalist text that drew attention to the urgency and magnitude of environmental problems.
First published as a special edition of The Ecologist in January 1972, it was later published in book form and went on to sell over 750,000 copies.[1]
The Blueprint was signed by over thirty of the leading scientists of the day—including Sir Julian Huxley, Sir Frank Fraser Darling, Sir Peter Medawar, E. J. Mishan and Sir Peter Scott—but was written by Edward Goldsmith and Robert Allen (with contributions from John Davoll and Sam Lawrence of the Conservation Society, and Michael Allaby[2]) who argued for a radically restructured society in order to prevent what the authors referred to as “the breakdown of society and the irreversible disruption of the life-support systems on this planet”.[3]
June, 1972 When the United Nations General Assembly decided to convene the 1972 Stockholm Conference, at the initiative of the Government of Sweden to host it, UN Secretary-General U Thant invited Maurice Strong to lead it as Secretary-General of the Conference, as the Canadian diplomat (under Pierre Trudeau) had initiated and already worked for over two years on the project.[1][2]
1973 D
August 1974: The population threat was ratified by the United Nations Population Conference in Bucharest, Romania,
1974 National Security Study Memorandum 200: Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (NSSM200) was completed on December 10, 1974 by the United States National Security Council under the direction of Henry Kissinger.
1975 AAAs conference; nuclear fall-out downplayed:We have not dealt in any depth with the atmospheric changes that
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5
would be caused by further extensive testing of nuclear devices in the
atmosphere, nor with the much larger effects of a full-scale nuclear
weapons exchange. The former would add to the already existing back-
ground of radioactive debris in the stratosphere and on the surface of
the earth and presumably would influence temporarily the ozone layer
by creating some additional oxides of nitrogen. (Previous nuclear test-
ing may have had a small effect, but this is not well established because
it was superimposed on other natural fluctuations of total ozone.) An
exchange of nuclear weapons between the major powers, on the other
hand, would have so many disastrous consequences that the effects on
the atmospheric environment would be relatively insignificant. It would
be but one of many forms of self-inflicted harm to the survivors of the
“conflict.” Ibid.
1974-5 Rockefeller foundation organises seminar and conference on climate change for its staff and programme officers. The Price of climate Action Edouard Morena
1977 Ecoscience by John P.Holdren and Paul and Anne Ehrlich
1977 In the organization’s[RBF] 1977 report The Unfinished Agenda: The Citizen’s Policy Guide to Environmental Issues, for example, the Rockefeller outfit demanded, among other schemes, more population control measures, a “progressively increasing gasoline tax,” an “escalating tax on natural gas consumption,” and a “similar tax” to “be applied to all fossil fuels.” Similar schemes have been promoted by the dynasty ever since, though the ostensible justification for them has changed.
The total global installed nuclear capacity initially rose relatively quickly, rising from less than 1 gigawatt (GW) in 1960 to 100 GW in the late 1970s, and 300 GW in the late 1980s. Since the late 1980s worldwide capacity has risen much more slowly, reaching 366 GW in 2005.
- RBF Rockefeller Brother’s Fund funds International federation of Institutes for Advance Study to research”climate modification”
1983 including RF and RBF set up”One world; sustainable resource use” programme including”international discussions on climate change”
1985 RBF funds World commission on environment and development for research”on the major causes and likely impacts of the gradual warming of the earth’s atmosphere”
1986 revelle writes tribute to Jackson Brown
1986, Holdren edited and co-wrote a book honoring Harrison Brown titled Earth and the Human Future: Essays in Honor of Harrison Brown
1986, the Rockefeller Brother’s Fund made grants to Sweden’s Beijer Institute and Advisory Groupon Greenhouse Gases AGGG to promote workshops that led to creation of IPCC
June, 1988: NASA climate scientist, James Hansen, told Congress with “ninety-nine percent confidence” that “the greenhouse effect has been detected, and it is changing our climate now.”
1989 RBF funds TATA Energy Research in India “towards its establishment of an Information and Research Centre on global warming and climate change” Morena
1989: Climate scientist Stephen Schneider, who was promoting the global cooling scare scenario in the 1970s, made himself notorious by telling Discover magazine in 1989: “To capture the public imagination, we have to offer up some scary scenarios, make simplified dramatic statements and little mention of any doubts one might have. Each of us has to decide the right balance between being effective, and being honest.”
1989RBF funds EDF, WWF, Greenpeace International launched Climate Action Network Morena
In 1989, Environmental Defence Fund, WWF and Greenpeace, with foundation backing, launched the Climate Action Network (CAN) which Morgan also presided over in her career (USCAN). One foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, which financed regional offshoots of CAN, would comment in its 1993 annual review that these “global preachers” “played a central role beginning in the early days of the climate change debate”.
!990 Beyond Interdependence:the Meshing of the World’s Economy and the Earth’s Ecology organised by Trilateral Commision
Trilateral spokesman are touting “Beyond Interdepen- 60 National
dence” as a follow up to anothennotorious “green” manifesto, the Our Common Future repo produced by the Brundtland Commission, a U.N.-sponsored group chaired by former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland.
The comparison is signi cant, not only due to the key role which Our Common Future played in accelerating the global eco-fascist movement, but because it was also an ex plicitly East-West project: Various in uentials from the Sovi et elite participated, notably Ivan Frolov, the o cial Soviet liaison to the West German Green Party and Weste “New Age” movement, and currently editor of Pravda. As such, it underscored the global condominium agreement between Weste oligarchical factions and the Kremlin, to destroy Weste technology-an agre ent consummated by Presi dent George Bush in his promotion of the so-called Clean Air Bill.
Larouche
Quote from Trilateral commission report:Of all the evidence of human-induced environmental stress, perhaps the most sobering are the changes occu ing in the atmosphere.Human releases of chloro uoroca ons (CFCs) and other gases are consuming the protective ozone layer, which serves to prevent certain harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the surface of the Earth.CFCs also one of the signi cant “greenhouse gases” and human releases of these and other “greenhouse ses” increasing the heat trapping ability of the atmosphere, threatening major disrup tions of the world’s climate….
Overall, climate change could provoke potentially seve economic and social dislocation…which will worsen inter national tensions and increase the risk of con icts among and within nations. These … changes may well become the major non-military threat to inte ational security and the future of the global economy….
Unless OECD countries, and in particular the United States, provide massively increased nancial aid and political support for popUlation [control] programs, it is unlikely that currently unsustainable rates of population growth can be
reversed….
1990 RF funds African Centre for Technological Studies for the organisation of a conference on “Global Warming and climate change: perspectives for Africa
1990: Margaret Thatcher, speech UN: But the threat to our world comes not only from tyrants and their tanks. It can be more insidious though less visible. The danger of global warming is as yet unseen, but real enough for us to make changes and sacrifices, so that we do not live at the expense of future generations. Margaret thatcher
The real dangers arise because climate change is combined with other problems of our age: for instance the population explosion thatcher
RF fund MIT to organise a series of conferences on the economics of global warming and the transition to an international climate regime. Morona
1990 RF cover “travel expenses of developing country participants in upcoming meetings of the IPCC”
RF 490,000 dollar grant to UN Conference on Environment and Development to prepare for 1992UN Conference on Environment and Development
Foundations funded world watch Institute, WWF, NRDC, IUCN.WRI, Environmental Defence Fund, Conservation International RBY 1993 annual review these”global preachers” “played a central role beginning in the early days of the climate change debate
1991, IUCN (together with UNEP and WWF) published Caring for the Earth, a successor to the World Conservation Strategy. It was published in the run-up to the Earth Summit, the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro.
1990 President George Bush awarded Revelle the National Medal of Science in 1990, Revelle remarked to a reporter: “I got it for being the grandfather of the greenhouse effect.”
June,1992 Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit (ISBN 0-452-26935-0, paperback ISBN 1-85383-743-1) is a 1992 book written by Al Gore, published in June 1992, shortly before he was elected Vice President in the 1992 presidential election. Known by the short title Earth in the Balance, the book explains the world’s ecological predicament and describes a range of policies to deal with the most pressing problems. It includes a proposed “Global Marshall Plan” to address current ecological issues.
Global Marshall Plan: Five strategic goals “In my view, five strategic goals must direct and inform our efforts to save the global environment”:
stabilizing of world population
the rapid development of environmentally appropriate technologies
a comprehensive change in the economic “rules of the road” by which we measure the impact of our decisions on the environment
negotiation & approval of a new generation of international agreements
a cooperative plan for educating the world’s citizens about our global environment.
3rd June, 1992:Rio Summit:The Rio summit issued Agenda 21, a 40-chapter manifesto that repeated the mantra of “sustainable development,” even though it was never defined. Yet it clearly stated “the growth of world population”” caused “increasingly severe stress on the life-supporting capacities of our planet” and called for “measures to bring about demographic transition.”
1992 Maurice Strong helps found the Commission on global governance:To implement this environmental agenda, Strong advocated one-world government, including through the UN and Earth Council, a pair of global talk shops, and he helped found the UN’s Commission on Global Governance in 1992. Steven Mosher of the Population Research Institute said Strong successfully convinced 1,500 jurisdictions, including cities, to adopt Agenda 21 policies. Strong has said that democracy cannot produce the sort of “strong” leaders that are required to push politically unpopular policies that limit the choices of citizens in terms of energy policy and family size.
Opening remarks offered by FCCC’s Environment Program Executive Director Maurice Strong who organized the first U.N. Earth Climate Summit (1992) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil expressed an underlying priority very candidly: “We may get to the point where the only way of saving the world will be for industrialized civilization to collapse. Isn’t it our responsibility to bring this about?”
“It is clear that current lifestyles and consumption patterns of the affluent middle class…involving high meat intake, consumption of large amounts of frozen and convenience foods, ownership of motor vehicles, golf courses, small electric appliances, home and work place air-conditioning, and suburban housing are not sustainable…A shift is necessary toward lifestyles less geared to environmentally damaging consumption patterns”. Strong
1994 a Gore attends International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo
The ICPD Programme of Action was remarkable in its recognition that reproductive health and rights, as well as women’s empowerment and gender equality, are cornerstones of population and development programmes.
1996: former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev emphasized the importance of using climate alarmism to advance socialist Marxist objectives: “The threat of environmental crisis will be the international disaster key to unlock the New World Order.”
1996, Dr George Woodwell:“We had an empty world that substantially ran itself as a biophysical system, and now that we have filled it up with people, and the sum of human endeavors which is large enough to affect global systems, it no longer works properly.”[
May 1997 Wallace S.Broecker: he question naturally arises as to whether this finding about past climates has any implications for the future. I think it does. Human population is rising at a rate of 1.75% each year. If this continues, by the middle of the next century, population will reach the staggering level of 14 billion. Most predictions suggest that declining birth rates will ease somewhat this potentially desperate situation. Nevertheless, we’re headed for a population of at least 10 billion people (see Fig. 5). At just the time we expect sizable greenhouse warming impacts, we’ll have at least five billion more people to feed than we do now. That is an enormous challenge, even in the absence of a climate chang.The amount of CO2 we produce depends on (1) how many people there are and (2) how much energy they use. The poorer people on Earth will seek a bet-ter standard of living, and that will require more energy.
2004 Lovelock has become concerned about the threat of global warming from the greenhouse effect. In 2004 he caused a media sensation when he broke with many fellow environmentalists by pronouncing that “only nuclear power can now halt global warming
2009, he became a patron of Population Matters (formerly known as the Optimum Population Trust), which campaigns for a gradual decline in the global human population to a sustainable level.[37]
2009 John P.Holdren appointed as Obama’s Science Advisor
2009 RF supports 2nd Expert Workshop on Climate Change July Munich
March, 2009:Spring, the season of fertility, began yesterday, yet it is warnings of scarcity that are notably abundant. John Beddington, the government’s chief scientific adviser, warned this week of a “perfect storm”, with food, water and energy all dangerously depleted by 2030, thanks to population growth and rising prosperity. Next week the Optimum Population Trust will hold a conference at the Royal Statistical Society, arguing that the planet has room for 5 billion people at the most, and that the United Kingdom should be home to no more than about 18 million.
May, 2012: Sir John Beddington: the world needs GM crops
2013 IPPI international Policies and Politics initiative set up by European climate foundation, Climate works foundation, Oak foundation, Children’s Investment foundation, Mercator foundation
24th January, 2014:Contraception key in climate change fight: Gore and Gates CNBC
2014 Australian study:The pace of population growth is so quick that even draconian restrictions of childbirth, pandemics or a third world war would still leave the world with too many people for the planet to sustain, according to a study.
Rather than reducing the number of people, cutting the consumption of natural resources and enhanced recycling would have a better chance of achieving effective sustainability gains in the next 85 years, said the report published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“We were surprised that a five-year WW3 scenario, mimicking the same proportion of people killed in the first and second world wars combined, barely registered a blip on the human population trajectory this century,” said Prof Barry Brook, who co-led the study at the University of Adelaide, in Australia. Guardian 28 Oct 2014
March 2016 Al Gore “Rockefeller Family Fund boldly steps into the future, divesting from fossil fuels & rebuking Exxon’s climate denial”
12th July, 2017, James Hansen NYmag:Population is a problem. That’s why you want to have energy that’s needed for people to eliminate poverty, because countries that have become wealthy have the population under control. But if you do begin to lose major cities than the planet becomes ungovernable.Hansen
2018:Rockefeller Donations Key to Keeping Climate Change Lawsuits Afloat
2018 Sir David Attenborough:“in the long run, our population growth has to come to an end.”
19th September, 2018 Bill Gates has a warning about population growth
However, a presidential ad- visory committee made one recommendation that came to fruition in 1963, the establishment of a joint Russian- American Biological Research Institute in Vienna.
Michael Connelly “Population control presented itself as a charity like any other, helping less fortunate people. But it was the only one that promised to make them go away”
In fact, rather than turning people away from eugenics, these issues inspired significant amounts of research into the relationship between biology and society. Hogben’s own position during the 1930s underlined this point. After spending the decade after the First World War moving from job to job, including posts at universities in London, Edinburgh, Montreal, and Cape Town, he was recruited by the economist and social reformer William Beveridge (1879-1963) in 1930 to head a new department of social biology at the London School of Economics, of which Beveridge was then director. Established with the aid of significant grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the department of social biology was intended to explore the meaning of biological knowledge for social policy and investigate what the biological and social sciences could learn from each other methodologically.xxii In addition to Hogben and his research students, whom Beveridge provided with a fully-equipped laboratory housing over 1,500 animals, the department of social biology employed social scientists, including the radical feminist demographer, Enid Charles (1894-1972), who was married to Hogben, and the German Jewish refugee R. R. Kuczynski (1876-1947).
Questions about the ability of the political system to generate or use plans captured the attention of Rockefeller Foundations officials dispatched to England at the beginning of the war. Document “what we are fighting for” PEP. Clear acknowledgement is made of many of the significant and important advances realised by the Fascist and Socialist groups in Italy and Germany, and that certain of the aspects of these policies could well be introduced in England” quoted in Karl Mannheim and the crisis of liberalism: the secret of these new times
Crispin Tickle is a patron of George Monbiot having appointed him visiting fellow of Green College, Oxford. He wrote Climatic Change and World Affairs in 1977 and was instrumental in winning Margaret Thatcher to the cause. He is a descendant of the Huxleys, no less, and seems to share some of their preoccupations: as patron of the “charity” Population Matters he has called for the UK population to be reduced to 20 million.
Norman Myers was an advisor to organisations including the United Nations, the World Bank, scientific academies in several countries, and various government administrations worldwide. He was an Honorary Visiting Fellow[3] at Green College, Oxford University,[appointed by Tickle]
and an Adjunct Professor at Duke University and the University of Vermont[4]. Other vising academic appointments were at Harvard, Cornell, Stanford, Berkeley, Michigan and Texas Universities. He is a patron of London-based population concern charity Population Matters[5].
In These New Times 